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Music is terrible at helping you learn languages

From my experience as a B1 German learner, I have found music to be a particularly terrible exercise for language learning. This goes for any language. I'm posting this not only to complain, but also to prevent people below my level of German from getting hung up on listening to 2 hrs of music every day.
DISCLAIMER: This is an opinion. If you disagree, maybe reply with your opinion instead of downvoting. 2ND DISCLAIMER: This post isn't addressing the usage of music as small practice here and there, or simply as entertainment. Its purpose is to discredit it as a substitute for other reading and listening exercises. 3RD DISCLAIMER (EDIT): This addresses using music as a tool WITHOUT having the lyrics in front of you. If you do have the lyrics though: 1) this post doesn't apply to you, so don't get offended. 2) I assume you're doing this as a reading and even writing/grammar exercise. I think you can get more out of your time through other means of practice than music.
The only real advantages that listening to music can provide are: -helping you acclimate to German culture, whether you're getting settled in Germany or are just a Germanophile like me -mentioning German everyday language, idioms, figures of speech, and abbreviations. You may find this useful if you are taking an English-taught course in Germany, or simply to make friends.
However, the disadvantages, some of which are specific to me, include:
-Music is very repetitive. Don't use it as a vocabulary exercise because it won't teach you a wide variety of words.
-As stated before, music is generally very informal in nature. You won't ever learn German for a specific profession, for an academic context, or concerning important subjects like climate change and politics.
-Music can be straight-up gramatically incorrect. This applies especially to rap, my favorite music genre, but it could also be seen in any type of music that tries to cram words into a sentence by skipping a conjugation/suffix that would otherwise add an extra syllable.
-Music is just too fast. You would never play a podcast, TV show, video etc. on 1.5x speed or more, so why listen to music, which is effectively that, plus a distracting beat in the background, plus large parts of the song without any spoken lines at all? Even in my native language I can only pick up about half the lyrics without having them in front of me when I hear a song for the first time, if half. So in a foreign language, you won't understand much even if you concentrate on the lyrics. If you're doing something else in the meantime, it's borderline useless.
-Music is short. Songs are short. You always have to find new ones. If you find a playlist, you have to find a new one once you get tired of the old one. This is in contrast to things like Tagesschau, WELT and DW that put out new content every day. I suppose there is an immense German music database but 1) how do you find it? Where do you start as a language learner? and 2) all the reasons above make the effort not worthwhile. Perhaps I'm just not a music person. I am a YouTube person, though. For that I recommend channels like Simplicissimus, Cinema Strikes Back, MrWissen2GO (maybe play him on 0.75x speed), Rezo, Pocket Money, and Manu Thiele for the football fans on this sub (I also started watching Borussia Dortmund post match press conferences recently. You can watch Bayern ones too, but then we can't be friends.) Also look for German versions of popular YT channels like Kurzgesagt. And the godfather of all German channels: Easy German.
Phew, rant over. Let me know how wrong I am in the comments. Interested to see what you have to say!
submitted by RadovanIosif to German [link] [comments]

Complement to duolingo

Hello everyone I am 20 years old, and I would like to learn german, at least to level A2 before this year is over. My motivation is to study in Germany. The course I will be doing is in english, but I want to learn german for the everyday life. My plan is to mainly study at summer when I will have a lot of free time. Right now I'm busy with uni, and can not dedicate a lot of time, but I am using duolingo to start learning the basics.
I have been doing it for about 10 days now, and completed some topics. I feel like I have learned, but through extreme repetition. For example I learned some verb conjugation simply by trial and error.
I was wondering if some of you could recomend me some material (website, textbook, app,...) that is more "theoretical" than duolingo. I would first study from the mentioned source and then use Duolingo to do exercises and practice what I have learned.
Also it would be nice if you could give me any more suggestions or recomendations for when I study more seriously in the summer. Thanks a lot.
PS: forgot to mention that at the moment I know english (C1) and spanish/catalan (Native)
submitted by Ragnar_4227 to German [link] [comments]

Ihr as 2nd person

I'm working through the book Grammatik Aktiv, Vol 1. In the third chapter, exercise 1, I am to complete the following sentences using the verb sein
Herr Schneider: Guten Tag, wie ____ Ihr Name?
Frau Mistrek: Mein Name ist ___ Mistrek.
Herr Schneider: ___ Sie neu hier?
Frau Mistrek: Nein, ich ___ schon ein Jahr in Hamburg.
Herr Schneider: ___ Sie Studentin?
Frau Mistrek: Nein, ich ___ Schulerin.
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I completed the dialogue as follows:
Herr Schneider: Guten Tag, wie seid Ihr Name?
Frau Mistrek: Mein Name ist ist Mistrek.
Herr Schneider: Sind Sie neu hier?
Frau Mistrek: Nein, ich bin schon ein Jahr in Hamburg.
Herr Schneider: Sind Sie Studentin?
Frau Mistrek: Nein, ich bin Schulerin.
​
And I was twice flabbergasted upon discovering that Ihr was used not as a 2nd-person informal plural but as 2nd-person formal singular, and the verb it takes is not seid which I expected from the 2nd-person informal singular but ist as if it were a 3rd-person singular. According to the book, Guten Tag, wie ist Ihr Name? is correct.
My research has shed no light upon this misterii, as according to this dude over here Ihr can replace Sie but the verb will take the ihr conjugation.
submitted by FavDz to German [link] [comments]

Latin Epigraphy (2): Public buildings

Latin Epigraphy (2): Public buildings
The first lesson can be found here.

Public buildings

This is another famous category of epigraphs: Roman temples, triumphal arches, and even bridges proudly display big finely chiseled capitals that unfortunately modern tourists don’t understand—but you will!
Arches and temples were often built to honor a god or an emperor. As such they are dedications, and closely resemble funerary inscriptions. One can read on a famous Roman triumphal arch the following inscription (CIL 6, 945):
SENATUS POPVLVSQVE·ROMANVS DIVO·TITO·DIVI·VESPASIANI·F VESPASIANO·AVGVSTO
A map of Rome will of course indicate to whom the arch was dedicated, but it is easy to find out ourselves. Just like in tombstones, we should look at the dative: DIVO TITO VESPASIANO AVGVSTO. The problem is, both Vespasian and Titus had these praenomen and cognomen. This is where the embedded genitive DIVI VESPASIANI F will prove useful. The Titus Vespasianus of the arch dedication is the son (remember: F) of another Vespasianus who was also divus: emperors were most of the time deified after their death. It can only be the emperor we now know as Titus. This is the Arch of Titus.
SENATVS POPVLVSQUE ROMANVS, famously abbreviated as SQPR, is a nominative. There is no verb. It is implicit: they “did” it. They are the ones who erected the arch as a gift to Titus. In some inscriptions, the verbs is explicit: FEC(it), CVR(auit), RESTITVIT, DEDICAVIT, ORN(auit), RENOVAVIT, REPARAVIT, etc. and of course conjugates to -erunt if the subject is plural. Another frequent abbreviation is EX S C, for ex senatus consulto: (it was done) because a senatus consultum had been issued.
We will pause a little bit here. Although the example above is quite easy, dedications to emperors are sometimes very complex and will be the topic of a separated lesson. Emperors are often accompanied by their titles (Germanicus, Dacicus, Britannicus…) and their titles (Consul, Pater Patriae, Tribune…). This is why the inscriptions can be very long, but what seems hubris is actually very precious for us historians as we’ll see later.
Public buildings were under the responsibility of men holding the usual offices: CO(n)S(ul), AED(iles)... but also less famous ones. If you cross the Ponte dei Quattro Capi (ie. the Bridge of the Four Heads) in Rome, you are actually walking on an authentic Roman bridge. Over one of the arches, we can learn more about its history (CIL 6, 1305):
L·FABRICIUS·C·F·CVR·VIAR FACIUNDUM·COERAVIT
There are two difficulties here. The first one is COERAVIT. It is an archaic spelling for curauit. faciundum curauit literally means “took care of what had to be done”. The second is the abbreviation CVR VIAR. which stands for Cur(ator) Viar(um); an office dedicated to taking care of the roads. The rest has been seen in the previous lesson.
L(ucius) FABRICIVS C(aii) F(ilius) CVR(ator) VIAR(um) FACIVNDVM COERAVIT
Lucius Fabricius, son of Caius, as Curator of the Roads, took care of what had to be done. The bridge is still known as the Ponte Fabricio, two thousand years later. If we knew when Lucius Fabricius was Curator Viarum, we could even precisely date it!
To summarize, the name of the person who took care of a building (aedes) erection or renovation is often found on inscriptions, as well as the office they were holding if any. When that person held several times the same office, it is often specified during which tenure (ex: COS II, consul for the second time, during his second consulate). Financing buildings was a political act, which is why DE PECVNIA SVA is mentioned in some inscriptions, especially outside of Rome. They did it “out of their own pocket”. Sometimes, the verb at the end finally explains what kind of work was done (building, renovation, decoration...).
This concludes our lesson about public building. In the next one, we will focus on imperial inscriptions and their dating. We hope the exercices will be rewarding.
Let us know how it goes, these lessons are written for you, and we will read each of your comment.

Exercises

Transcribe and translate the following inscriptions. Send your answers to the comments section, but please cover them with spoiler tags!
https://preview.redd.it/r52jr909vub61.jpg?width=1920&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=fef80893718f0c2e603ac49cc4113b1440dd82d2
(CIL 06, 896; Rome, Pantheon)
https://preview.redd.it/pxxa1xqavub61.jpg?width=3726&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=298a83ebaf984ae56c84eb728adfea20bfbf3af3
(CIL 06, 937; Rome, Temple of Saturn. The inscription is a bit hard to read, you can find help here: SENATVSPOPVLVSQVEROMANVS / INCENDIOCONSVPTVMRESTITVIT. Bonus question: what is the main difference between inscription and the previous one? It's not the interpuncts!)
https://preview.redd.it/mlwse1khvub61.jpg?width=432&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=f295d4c7a2cadb62f7494ea33087e68147aba86c
(CIL 06, 37063; Rome. This inscription can be very hard for beginners, so you can also find help here: NERO CLAVDIVS DRVSVS GERMANIC / T QVINCTIVS CRISPINVS COS / EX S C RESTITVER. Bonus question: when was this inscription made? (hint)))
submitted by lutetiensis to latin [link] [comments]

🎓Lesson: Auxiliary Verbs

Hi, everyone! 😁
So, because I am a totally insane language geekdef 2. 🤓 I actually have a favorite part of the English language.
Because I am a totally insane language geek 🤓 my favorite part of English is our unique way to handle previously mentioned verb phrases.
Hey! It's Tuesday, isn't it? 🤔 What a coincidence! 🤩 Now I can actually teach you my favorite part of the English language, because IT'S TIME FOR A LESSON! 🥳
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🤔 The auxiliary verbs and what they are
In general, an auxiliary verb (also known as a "linking verb," and my personal favorite phrase, a "helping verb") is a verb that, instead of telling what a subject is doing, qualifies another verb--either through tense, mood, or voice. It's like if a verb decided to become an adverb... I guess.
In English, almost no auxiliary verbs (except "do" and "be") need to be conjugated; they stay the same no matter the subject 😄
In addition, almost all auxiliary verbs (except "be" and "have") are followed by a verb's root form (it's infinitive without "to")
Here is a list of English auxiliary verbs 📝
🔴be
🟠can
🟡could
🟢do\*
🔵have\*
🟣may
🔴might
🟠must
🟡shall (a pretty formal, rare, and outdated word)
🟢should
🔵will\*
🟣would
​
Verbs marked with an asterisk ( \ ) are also used as action verbs (some may have different meanings too), in addition to being auxiliary verbs. As action verbs, they would still need auxiliary verbs in the needed contexts. So it is entirely possible to say, "I* do do the laundry," "I have had too much to drink," and "I will will myself to finish eating this giant cake."

BUT THAT'S NOT ALL!

As verbs, auxiliary verbs are unique in the ways that they:
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🤔 QUESTIONS
To form questions where the first verb is an auxiliary verb, invert the subject and the verb.
To form questions where the first verb is NOT an auxiliary verb, start the question with a form of "do."
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👎 NEGATIVE SENTENCES
To form negative sentences where the first verb is an auxiliary verb, add "not" or "n't" after the first verb
To form questions where the first verb is NOT an auxiliary verb, simply add "do not / does not" or "don't / doesn't" before the verb you're negating
​
⬅️ REPLACING PREVIOUSLY MENTIONED VERB PHRASES
Auxiliary verbs can also be used as a sort of pronoun, but for verbs. Just like how pronouns replace previously mentioned nouns, auxiliary verbs can also be used to replace previously mentioned verb phrases
If your verb phrase starts with an auxiliary verb, it will be replaced by that auxiliary verb on its own
If your verb phrase does NOT start with an auxiliary verb, it will be replaced by a form of "do"
​
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As always, write whatever you like. If you don't have a topic, use one of ours. It doesn’t have to be this one. Check out other Subjects of the Day by clicking in our "Subjects of the Day" collection
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submitted by Adam-P-D to WriteStreakEN [link] [comments]

Aramaisms in the Qur’an and their Significance

For the linguists and for those who are interested in early Islam.
https://www.academia.edu/resource/work/7684935
When we look at Late Antique Syro-Palestine and Arabia in the early seventh century, the time when Islam is said to have become a religion, an interesting yet complex mosaic of cultures and languages can be observed. Linguistically, various languages were spoken and written. Here we confront a common long-persisting misconception, namely that the Arabs were largely illiterate before Islam. Nothing could be farther from the truth.
•••••
5.3 Islam: áü³ù• – al-ʾislām The root √šlm (>Arab. s-l-m) is well-attested with the meaning “to be complete, finished” in most Semitic languages. Another meaning emerged from this one: “to be healthy, well,” as can be seen in Akkadian. The meaning “peace” as in Hebrew shalom, in the sense of a greeting is a logical development. In Arabic, the IInd form has undergone the development “to make healthy, unharmed” > “to protect from damage” >“to deliver safely” > “to deliver” (compare to the French sur-rendre), in the sense of dedito. The original semantics can certainly be found in the Qur’ān, for example in 31:22 âà³ æãí Ì ð߇ êìŸí – wa-man yuslim waǧha-hu ʾila-llāhi “And whosoever submits his face (himself) to Allāh,” as well as in 2:112 and 131. The verbal root from which the noun áü³ù• – ʾal-ʾislām (causative!) is a nominal derivation, is used here as a religious terminus technicus, once again certainly presupposing a Syriac semantic development. The causative conjugation ä ¡àü ›~ – ʾašlem is also found in Syriac in the sense of “to commit” (Luke 1:2, John 18:35, 19:30 (the Spirit), Acts 8:3 (to a prison); > “to betray” >Matthew 10:4 etc.) but also as a specifically Christian term: “to commit to the faith,” so in the sense of “to be devoted to” or “to be dedicated to” (i.e. devotio). Therefore, Islam does not mean “peace” in the sense of a pacificatio or debellatio, but rather it means to commit oneself to the will of God, i.e. “surrender,” “dedication,” dedicatio. This is another example of a genuine Arabic root which took on a secondary Christian-technical meaning–this belongs in the third category as well.
•••••
So far it has been shown that the literary culture from which the Qur’ān emerged was in close contact with both the Syro-Aramaic region and its local manifestations of Christianity. This has been made clear by the borrowings from Aramaic already discussed.44 Many of the words discussed here have undergone a long evolution—even the Hebrew word that everyone knows: “Torah”—until they eventually acquired the meanings they now have (or are given) in the Qur’ān. The fact that the Arabic vocabulary with regard to reading and writing stems from the language of the culture(s) from which the writing culture was adopted is not surprising. It can be compared to German lesen (< Latin legere– “to read”) and schreiben (< scribere – “to write”). If we dig a little bit deeper, though, we find a surprising abundance of key theological terms borrowed from Aramaic in the vocabulary of the Qur’ān. Here I will mention just a few from Jeffery’s work with a few additional comments of my own.
5.2 Adam: á©• – ʾādam The Hebrew word -•£Ì – ʾāḏām, as in Ugaritic, Phoenician etc. means “human(ity)” (in Sabaean, “vassal, subject”). In the Qur’ān however, it appears only in the sense of the name of the first human (compare to á©• æ‘• – ibn ādam lit. “son of Adam”= “human,” as in 7:35, for example). This interpretation can already be found in the Septuagint. In the Hebrew story of creation, -•£Ì – ʾāḏām was translated as ἄνϑÁωπος “human” until Genesis 2:15; however, in the next verse, when God places humans in the Garden of Eden, the Hebrew word was understood as a name and was transcribed as Αδαμ. The interpretation of this word as a proper noun “Adam,” can already be found in later books of the Hebrew Bible such as I Chronicles 1:1 and Hosea 6:7. This is also the understanding of this lexeme in the New Testament (for instance Romans 5:14 et passim) and in fact Christianity in general until the early modern period. Although the root √’dm retains its Aramaic meaning in Syriac, •ž-ƒ ž~ – ʾāḏām is always used as the name of the first human, just as in Classical Ethiopian —ß – ʾādām. Although this root is well attested in Arabic, for example âó©• – ʾadīm “skin,” its interpretation as the name of the original human assumes a prior knowledge of Christianity or Judaism. Verses like Qur’ān 3:59, 7:172 (”ãŽôØß• áîó •îßîØ— – taqūlū yawma lqiyāmati) and 124:20ff. make it obvious that we are dealing with a Christian influence. Because Adam is only used in the Qur’ān to describe the first human, whereas in Hebrew it was originally used as a term for humans in general, Arabic presupposes a certain exegetical evolution. Thus, this word falls into the third category listed above.
•••••
5.4 God: Ì – Allāh Although there can be no doubt that the root of this word is a good and genuine Arabic lexeme, its morpho-phonetics point rather to Syro-Palestine than to the Hijaz;
•••••
  1. On the Five Pillars of Islam 6.1 Introduction The influence of Syro-Aramaic on the theological vocabulary of the Qur’ān should by now be evident. The examples given above may appear to have been selected at random, but they were chosen pars pro toto to make a point. To complete this picture, I will discuss a few key terms, namely the “Five Pillars of Islam” (áü³ù• åŽÛ-ƒ – ʾArkān al-ʾIslām):
  2. The profession of faith: “©Žì¸ß• – aš-šahāda
  3. Prayer: “ü» – ṣalāṭ
  4. Charitable giving: “ŽÛ¯ – zakāt or ”ת» – ṣadaqa
  5. Fasting: áî» – ṣawm
  6. Pilgrimage: ž£ – ḥaǧǧ. Although these terms could all be genuinely Arabic lexemes based on their morpho-phonetic structure, their technical meanings, as they relate to faith, clearly suggest Syriac as their origin in most cases.
•••••
The First Surah of the Qur’ān 7.1 Variations of the Fātiḥa In the previous sections, I have discussed some of the theological vocabulary of the Qur’ān and of Islam. It is has been shown that the words discussed (as well as many others) are largely borrowed from Aramaic, especially Syriac– the language of a large portion of Eastern Semitic Christianity during the time of “Muḥammad.” In conclusion then, it is perhaps fitting to provide an example of a Qur’ānic text, in order to demonstrate the role of Aramaic in context. For simplicity’s sake, I will take the opening Sura, the Surat AlFātiḥah ( ”¤—ŽÔß• “-î³), the “Exordium.” Here I provide a literal Anglicisation and a table of notes where the borrowed words are briefly explained.
•••••
In the preceding, an argument has been made that points to Syro-Palestine as the Qur’ān’s likely place of origin. In the Prologue (§0), it was briefly argued that both script-distribution and language (areal linguistics) point to this region. After discussing the significance of loan-words (§§1-2), especially in relation to the Qur’ān (§3), some loan-words in various semantic spheres were discussed: in relation to the vocabulary of writing (§4)–which supports the argument made in §0; some key theological terms (§5); the “Five Pillars of Islam” (§6); and, finally, the loan vocabulary found in the First Sura of the Qur’ān was discussed (§7). Briefly, we can note here that the loan vocabulary of the “first” Arabic book, the holy book of Islam, largely employs words of Syro-Aramaic origin for key terms with isolated and sporadic Wörter und Sachen also deriving from Southern Arabia and Ethiopia; Persian loans usually entered Arabic via Syriac. It is important to note here, that the focus of this exercise was not on Semitic cognates, or proto-Semitic etymologisation. Rather, an attempt was made to show the borrowed semantic load of especially theological termini technici.157 discussed here clearly shows that the authors of the Qur’ān possessed an intimate knowledge of the Syriac Bible, probably the common version of the time, the Peshitta (=Vulgata). Although some of the terms discussed also found their way into Old South and especially Old North Arabic languages. Both the quantity as well as the nature of the borrowed terms202 after their transfer to monotheism (cf. n39), the concentration of SyroAramaic terms, as well as the writing system is indicative of a transfer from Syriac.
submitted by exmindchen to exmuslim [link] [comments]

Ideas for features for a language self-learning app?

Hi all,
I am creating a mobile app (for iPhone/iPad and Android) for language learning, mainly targetting self-learning. I would like to request this subreddit's feedback on what features could be useful.
These are the ideas I have:
I would like to know if you find the idea interesting and if you have any other ideas that you think could be useful.
You can leave your feedback either as comments here or at this google form, where you can also leave your email if you would like to receive information when I release the app.
Thank you for devoting some of your time to this!
submitted by ncasas to languagelearning [link] [comments]

Recommend grammar book for self study

Hi! I am having a blast learning French alone in my spare time using all kinds of digital media, but I think it's time I bought a real grammar book that I can consult for the rest of my life.
I a currently looking at Le petit grevisse and the exercise book to go with it
https://www.amazon.de/grevisse-Grammaire-francaise-Maurice-Grevisse/dp/2801100870/ref=sr_1_1?__mk_de_DE=%C3%85M%C3%85%C5%BD%C3%95%C3%91&dchild=1&keywords=le+petit+grevisse&qid=1600172580&sr=8-1
As well as Bescherelle - Grammaire pour tous + some exercise book?
https://www.amazon.de/Bescherelle-grammaire-pour-B%C3%A9n%C3%A9dicte-Delaunay/dp/2401052364/ref=sr_1_8?__mk_de_DE=%C3%85M%C3%85%C5%BD%C3%95%C3%91&crid=3D2C1ECPZNJQJ&dchild=1&keywords=bescherelle+francaise&qid=1600174294&sprefix=bescherelle+fra%2Caps%2C159&sr=8-8
I think I don't want the Bescherelle conjugation book, because I find Wiktionary + flashcards to be all that I need, but I am open to any suggestions.
I don't attend any classes and I don't plan to hire a teacher in the near future, this is solely for self-studying.
I have fond memories of reading and rereading die Gelbe aktuell when I was learning German, I am looking for a similar experience with French. Die Gelbe explained the grammar in German using simple, but correct terminology and had exercises after each unit. You could buy a booklet containing the answers to the exercises separately.
submitted by Snoo12973 to learnfrench [link] [comments]

Top 10 Signs I knew I was Asexual: #8: Forever Single!!! Flying Solo!!!

Hey, everyone, it's me Southpaw with another one of my series going for Top 10 Signs I knew I was Asexual. I have already gone through reasons 1-7 in this collection. Today I am going to be doing #8 in this series! This going to detail my feelings on aversion towards sex, including my aversion towards sexual situations, places, and things. I am personally sex-repulsed, but not all asexuals are sex-repulsed. Attitudes towards sex are diverse across the board, asexually speaking.
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That being said, I am going to be discussing how my sex-aversion/sex-repulsion helped me in figuring out and discovering that I was truly asexual. Without further ado, let's get to the post.
​

Top 10 Signs I knew I was Asexual

#8: Forever Single!!! Flying solo!!!

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How shall I begin this? I think I know how.
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Growing up, when I thought of how relationships were, I never thought that sex was something that ever occurred whatsoever in them. I just thought that Prince Charming and Sleeping Beauty fell in love and they stayed together forever and ever. I just thought that was how love was. It was about being with someone forever.
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Sex was something that truly didn't exist to me. I thought there was no way people would ever do something like that.
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During my senior year of high school, a group of people within my choir class were having discussion time when we had nothing to do. It was the end of the year, and we were just talking about stuff, as our high school careers were careening to the end.
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It was at this time that my mind was aware to my innocence in comparison to the world.
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Everyone in the group started talking about sex, and they were discussing how sexually active they were.
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I was sitting there trying to not act all shy or anything. It's kind of hard not to, though, when you have never even engaged in anything remotely close to sex. I think everyone could tell that I had never had sex, even if I didn't say it.
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I was sitting there completely confused by everything. I never thought that people were having sex with anyone of any kind in high school. I mean, we're in high school! We should be worrying about our college futures, graduating, and moving into higher education. Nope, apparently, for most, that wasn't on their radar. They were all about the sex, apparently.
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The conversation could not have been more awkward for me.
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I was just sitting there while the group was talking about their sex lives and sexcapades. They were discussing everything from how they like to have sex, how often they have sex, and even how they want to have babies soon. It all perplexed me to the nth degree.
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However, there was one thing that might have perplexed me more than anything: the talk on condoms.
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Condoms.
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That more than anything threw me for great confusion. I was no more confused about anything than when they started talking about which condoms they like to use and how to use them.
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The reason?
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I had never ever seen a condom before in my life. I had never used a condom before in my life. Condoms weren't a part of my everyday normal life. So, I just didn't have any knowledge with them in any way whatsoever.
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I still don't have any knowledge with them. To this day, I have never, ever seen a condom in my life. I don't know of anything about them or who makes them past the Trojan Man commercials that come on tv yelling "Trojan Man!!"
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Anything beyond that, I have no personal idea what's up with them.
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I don't know anything with regards to condoms or anything with regards to sex. I am a 30 year-old virgin, who could probably score a 100 on a purity test, truly. I've never done anything in a sexual context whatsoever.
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It still shocks my friends that I've never been out with anyone at any time.
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I honestly don't get why it's such a shock for someone to have never had sex before.
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"What, you're 30 years-old and you're a virgin? OMG!!! How?!! I didn't think unicorns exist anymore!!!"
​
That part absolutely perplexes me when people speak on stuff like that.
​
I'm like, dude, you have to know it's me. The more shocking thing would be that I were not a virgin.
​
Personally, the thought of not having sex should be seen as a "whatever" type of thing. However, I am learning to make my peace with the thought that the culture is sexual, and I am living in contra to that.
​
That all leads to my point about this piece: avoiding sexual places, things, and situations.
​
This has been me to a tee.
​
You will never find SouthpawFA in a nightclub.
​
You will never find SouthpawFA in a sex shop.
​
You will never find SouthpawFA in a bar or a strip club.
​
You will never find Southpaw on the Vegas strip, Cancun, Ibiza, or anywhere where sex is privy to happen.
​
That is how my life is basically lived.
​
I don't go to places where sex can happen, because sex.can.happen.
​
Once sex appears as a possibility on the horizon, that is when I start to hit the panic button, and I instantly planning my retreat strategy.
​
My cortisol regulation hit maximum level output whenever I'm put into a stressful situation---none more stressful than impending sex or the proposal for sex.
​
Just thinking about it give me the heebie-jeebies. I feel lightheaded just thinking about it, with heart palpitations.
​
Yeah, in the case of anyone looking to try any frisky business, I am fleeing on the double. I am gone. That is too frightening for me. I will not do it.
​
Again, I think it's called sexual assault if you are forced to do something sexually that you don't agree with. Coercion, accosting, etc. I think those all fall under the sexual harassment/assault category. At least, I think it's that.
​
So, I tend to avoid places where sex can occur, and people who are looking to have it.
​
Now, I know some people might think "You can't just live your life avoiding certain places and people."
​
Well, I have to ask the question to those asking: "What do those places have to offer that I would be interested in?"
​
I am a homebody, anyway!
​
I don't drink alcohol.
​
I don't smoke.
​
I don't have sex.
​
If I wanted music, I could just stay at the house and play my favorite music that probably has nothing to do with contemporary pop music.
​
If I wanted to dance, I could just dance in my room and have fun doing my dances without bumping into someone or wanting them to bump and grind me.
​
So, I feel as if I'm missing out on nothing truly.
​
Those places are not for me, anyway.
​
So, I avoid nightlife scenes and do my own thing. Ok.
​
Well, there is one other thing I also happen to avoid--one that is much bigger a concept in reality:
​

Relationships.

​
Just like Batman, I don't do relationships. I am a solo artist. That is how my nature operates...in a sense.
​
Let me preface this with a statement: you can be asexual and romantic, you can be aromantic and not asexual. Aromanticism and asexuality are two completely different component. One is about romantic attraction. The other is about sexual attraction. Don't combine the two together.
​
That being said, a large population of asexuals when polled described themselves as aromantic. It's not a minute group whatsoever. It's somewhat of a subgroup within being asexual itself.
​
Do I consider myself aromantic? I'm more of a gray-romantic. I'm not really into relationships, but I don't know if I am fully devoid of any love feelings. I just find romantic relationships too much an inconvenience for me to traverse into.
​
I love listening to love songs, and I love romantic poetry. I enjoy sentimental things from time to time. I just am not really into relationships.
​
Relationships take time, relationships take work, and overall, relationships tend to rely on physical affection.
​
The people in high school talking about condoms sure reminded me of that.
​
I know what it means when you want to take someone home now. I know what it means when you get them "in the room". You're talking about going to bed with this person.
​
Yeah, that is simply a no-go for me. You come trying to pull that stuff off with me, and it's time to hit the panic button.
​
One you start trying to get amorous, it's my cue to flee and high-tail it out of there. It's simply a no way type of thing for me. To quote Bryson Tiller "Sorry, not sorry."
​
The reason why I've had a partner (boyfriend or girlfriend) in my life is because I know that at some point in time within the relationship, the topic of sex is going to pop up. Most people date in order to get in someone's pants. I know that. Thus, I simply avoid the issue by not dating anyone.
​
It's also for the best that they don't date me, either.
​
Just think about that: how many people are going to be completely comfortable with the idea of a no-sex relationship? I'm betting 0.
​
If you're not asexual and you come across this, how would you feel personally if someone you were dating said that they don't ever want to have sex or they're not interested in sex?
​
Play this scenario in your head.
​
"Before we go out, I need you to know something: anything involving any nudity or genital stimulation will be completely out of the question."
​
How would you react to that? I'm betting the relationship would be called off.
​
I've read stories of people who didn't consummate their wedding night, and every single one of the relationships ended in divorce. It was a painful thing to hear, considering I would be up for a no-sex marriage, really. However, I realized at that time how important sex is to people, and that many can't do relationships with it absent.
​
Eventually, that person will be the one wanting to have sex or be involved sexually in some way or fashion. I just know that is how relationships tend to work. I know I will be the defender trying to stop all action from happening if that is the case.
​
Plainly put, more than likely when you date, this person wants to smash, and I'm not Mario or Link.
​
That is why I have never had a girlfriend or boyfriend.
​
The thought of having to offer up my body to someone for conjugal fulfillment is not something I find appealing. I'd just rather not ever get myself involved in anything remotely germane to that.
​
Now, I know some might argue that I could just find an asexual partner.
​
Here are some limitations to that:
​
Finding a fellow ace is like finding a needle in a haystack.
​
Finding an ace that is somewhat like me would be quite harder.
​
Finding another ace that is even remotely nearby is much more difficult.
​
Asexuality is getting more recognition, but it's not as well known as most other orientations.
​
Finding another ace in real life is not as easy as it sounds. There are simply not many options to go to. There are no Ace bars (though there really needs to be one). There are no Ace clubs in most places, and there are simply no hangout or meetup spots where one could go if they are asexual.
​
Even if I were to find another ace, I would have to find one that is also comfortable without cuddling. Sure, aces might not be into sex, but we have quite a few who like to cuddle. I am not really into cuddling That's too close of contact. It's like on the brink of sex without jumping off the ledge to it. Bodies are touching, and I am simply not into the whole holding someone that tight. I have to have my freedom of movement.
​
Thus, for many aces, there is only one option but to stay single.
​
I know that for a lot of people being alone is not an ideal place for them, but to me, I'd rather be alone than be forced to "give it up" or "beat it up", as Cardi B would say.
​
Thus, I remain single.
​
Some might find that to be a complete pit of misery with no dilly dilly.
​
However, I find that being single gives me an incredible wealth of time to focus on things I hold dear and important.
I get to exercise much more, write, read, sing, watch my favorite shows, do politics, and just have a blast doing it. I don't have to worry about or depend on another person for my happiness.
​
I wouldn't have that luxury if I were in a relationship. I would have to do all that dating stuff and spend hundreds of dollars on expensive jewelry and dinners to please another person. That is not fun to me. It doesn't sound remotely fun to me.
​
So, I can basically live as me for all my fun. I'm an independent freebird, this songbird. I get to be free indeed.
​
I am comforted in the idea that I get to sleep in my own bed that I don't have to share. It is wonderful that I can eat at any time I want, and I don't have to have someone dependent on me to eat or anything. My food is really low, by the way.
​
I am glad that if I want to take a trip somewhere, I can just take the trip and go away. I might do that sometime soon. I am glad that I don't have to ask another person if I want to go to the gym, go sing, or perform on stage (which I would love to do by the way). I can just do it. That is my jam, and I love it.
​
While I am aware of the financial penalties that accrue from being single, like income taxes and earning less because of the married bonus, I am glad that I don't have to worry about all the stress of kids and/or partner. That in and of itself is enough to make being single feel like a winner. What could be wrong about that?
​
That's why this whole time of social distancing probably hasn't hit me hard.
​
"Social distancing? Is that the term we call it now? I just call it Friday night!! Hey-O!!!!"
​
High five, anyone? 🙌🏿
​
Anyway, that's how I feel on everything. I am a soloist, and I avoid duets, trios, and quartets.
​
Relationships to me are just like clubs and sex shops, they're places not for me.
​
If they're not for me, I just don't do them. End of story.
​
I know what I like, and I know what I'm about. I'm about being single. I could be single forever---single and sex-free. That is the real truth, Ruth!
​
(If your name is really Ruth out there and you read this, don't take that personal, ok? It's just an idiom people like to say sometimes.)
​
So, I ended high school as that completely innocent 17 year-old virgin who had no clue on condoms, and today I stand as the 30 year-old virgin who will more than likely never see a condom, as I have no desire to engage in the act that requires one. To that, I say "Hooray!!" I've found me in my singleness.
​
(Hey, wait a minute, since I'm 30 now, does that mean I've gained my wizard powers now? Let me check. 🧙🏿‍♂️)
​
So, if you are the type of person who could truly be single forever and you want no sex whatsoever in that case, you might want to check and see if you are truly asexual as well. You might be like me in that case. We can single and not be ready to mingle. We'll have our solo dances and whoop it up! We'll fly solo together, not to be oxymoronic.
​
That's #8 for you. Hope you enjoyed it. Later
​
---Songbird
​
Single like a Washington dollar bill, for real. 💵
submitted by southpawFA to Asexual [link] [comments]

Some Norwegian resources and other helpful stuff

These resources have been gathered by the helpful users on the Norwegian language learning exchange Discord server (please see further down for more information about Discord). Links to many more resources can be found on that server.
Probably missed a lot, some due to laziness, and some due to limit in max allowed post size. Will edit as necessary.

Courses, grammar lessons, educational books, etc.

Duolingo (from A1 to A2/B1)

duolingo.com is free to use, supported by ads. Optional pay for no ads and for a few more features.
The Norwegian course is one of the more extensive ones available on Duolingo. The volunteer content creators have put a lot of work into it, and the creators are very responsive to fixing potential errors. The audio is computer generated.
You learn words and constructed sentences.
If you use the browser version you will get grammar tips, and can choose if you want to type the complete sentences or use selectable word choices. The phone app might or might not give access to the grammar tips.
A compiled pdf of the grammar tips for version 1 can be found on Google drive. (The Norwegian course is currently at version 4).

Memrise (from A1 to A2/B1)

memrise.com is free to use. Optional pay for more features.
A few courses are company made, while several others are user made. No easy way to correct errors found in the courses. Audio is usually spoken by humans.
You learn words and constructed phrases.

Learn Norwegian on the web (from A1 to A2/B1)

Free to use. Optional books you can buy. Made by the University in Trondheim, NTNU. Audio is spoken by humans.
A complete course starting with greetings and ending with basic communication.

FutureLearn (from A1 to A2/B1)

Free to use. Optional pay for more features. Audio and video spoken by humans. Made by the University of Oslo, UiO. Or by the University in Trondheim, NTNU.
Can be done at any time, but during their scheduled times (usually start of the fall and the spring semester) you will get help from human teachers.

CALST — Computer-Assisted Listening and Speaking Tutor

CALST is free to use. Made by the University in Trondheim, NTNU. Audio is spoken by humans.
Choose your native language, then choose your Norwegian dialect, then continue as guest, or optionally register an account.
Learn how to pronounce the Norwegian sounds and differentiate similar sounding words. Learn the sounds and tones/pitch.
Not all lessons work in all browsers. Chrome is recommended.

YouTube

Clozemaster (at B1/B2)

clozemaster.com is free to use. Optional pay for more features.
Not recommended for beginners.
Content is mostly user made. No easy way to correct errors. Audio is computer generated.
You learn words (multiple choice).

Printed (on dead trees) learning material

Grammar and stuff

Online grammar exercises (based on printed books)

/norsk FAQ and Wiki

Dictionaries

Bokmålsordboka/Nynorskordboka — Norwegian-Norwegian

The authoritative dictionary for spelling Norwegian.
Maintained by University of Bergen (UiB), and Språkrådet (The language council of Norway) that has government mandate to oversee the Norwegian language.

Lexin — Norwegian-Norwegian-English-sort-of

Maintained by OsloMet.

Det norske akademis ordbok — Norwegian-Norwegian

Maintained by Det norske akademi for språk og kultur, a private organisation promoting riksmål, which is NOT allowed officially.

Ordnett — Norwegian-English/English-Norwegian

Maintained by a book publisher.

Online communities

Facebook

Discord

Discord is a web-browsephone/windows/mac/etc-app that allows both text, voice and video chat.
If you are new to Discord its user interface might be a bit confusing in the beginning, since there are many servers/communities and many topics on each server.
If you're new to Discord and you try it, using a web-browser until you get familiar and see if this is something you enjoy or not is recommended.
If you use a phone you will need to swipe left and right, long-press and minimise/expand categories and stuff much more than on a bigger computer screen, which probably adds complexity to the initial confusion of a using an unfamiliar app.

Some Norwegian servers:

Newspapers

Media

Podcasts

Various books

Various material for use by Norwegian schools

Various (children's) series

NRK TV

Children's stuff with subtitles

Brødrene Dahl

Youth stuff

Other stuff without subtitles

Grown up stuff

For those with a VPN (or living in Norway)

For those living in Norway

Visit your local library in person and check out their web pages. It gives you free access to lots of books, magazines, films and stuff.
Most also have additional digital stuff you get free access to, like e-books, films, dictionaries, all kind of magazines and newspapers.
Some even give you free access to some of the paid Norwegian languages courses listed above.
submitted by NokoHeiltAnna to norsk [link] [comments]

Resources to help you learn German!

(please feel free to comment more below — these are just ones that I use personally as an A Level German student)
For grammar: - Nancy Thuleen here is brilliant for grammar as it has both exercises and teaching materials - Deutsch Lingolia here has explanations and self-marking grammar exercises - German.net here also has self-marking grammar exercises - Duolingo has grammar exercises but I’d be wary as it doesn’t actually teach you them or anything, it’s just questions. I find it’s not super helpful for me. - Verb Conjugations here are something I struggle with, so this site is super helpful for me.
Other resources I use: - Memrise is an app that’s great for learning vocab, especially if you have friends who use it because then you can compete. - Radio Garden here lets you listen to live radio anywhere in the world. I like to listen to German radio stations, especially the adverts - Deutsche Welle here has all sorts, from news stories and podcasts in German, to German courses and other resource links - Angstfreinachrichten here gives you lighthearted news stories in German - Eduqas’ website here has past papers and other resources which I find especially helpful for translations.
Hope this is helpful and please let me know if any of my links don’t work. I’ve compiled these over about 3 years :)
submitted by catrowe to German [link] [comments]

Any recommended "words generator" for practising German sentence structure?

Hallo Leute!
Hope my title is not too confusing:P I've started to learn German and I'm looking for a tool with which I can practise basic sentence structures.
As the tittle says, I'm looking for an algorithm, preferably web-based, where you can put word sets as input and get simple output consisting of a combination of words that go, for instance, like this: Sein(e)/Brudehaben/1 kind. Then you can take a look at the sentence and say, "Sein Bruder hat ein Kind."
I've seen this kind of exercises in workbooks and I find them very helpful for getting used to conjugations. I wonder if there's anything similar to this on the internet. Any recommendations are appreciated:))
submitted by Vynnhegar to German [link] [comments]

Linguno - Website for conjugation practice

I wanted to recommend this website for conjugation practice I found this week:
Linguno
I have tried some websites for conjugation practice in the past (including conjuguemos.com) and this is the best I have found. I like that it provides new exercises according to your past mistakes, and it reads every sentence to hear the pronunciation. There are also presets suited for different levels (A1, A2, B1, B2, C1).
There are other exercises besides conjugation practice, like listening practice, vocabulary, and crosswords. It has french, Spanish, Italian, English, German and Portuguese.
submitted by Euphoric-Meal to languagelearning [link] [comments]

Modal Verbs

I'm learning A1 German and I was doing an exercise on modal verbs where they said to mark out modal verbs and other verbs to show that modal verbs get conjugated but other verbs don't. And I saw this sentence : "Ich muss fast jeden Tag arbeiten und Klaus ist in Nuremberg" And I wanted to know why does "ist" come in the sentence... Why sein doesn't stay in its infinitive form?
And are there other such verbs that do end up getting conjugated along with modal verbs?
submitted by agentbeebop to German [link] [comments]

A list of questions that get posted constantly on this subreddit along with their answers.

How do I learn German? | Any tips for learning German? | Can you recommend some resources other than DuoLingo?
Look at the sidebar of the subreddit. It provides a link to the Wiki, where you will find recommendations for resources.
Can I become fluent in [amount of time]?
Sure, if you move to Germany right this instant and make it your mission to learn the language. Any method short of that probably won't make you truly fluent as quickly as you're hoping. But it all depends on YOU. Staring at grammar exercises for 15 minutes each day won't get you very far. Only YOU can judge whether you want it badly enough to work for it.
How can I go from A1/A2/etc. to B1/B2/etc. in [specific amount of time]?
See the last part of the answer to the question above. There aren't really individual methods for going from a specific level to another specific level in a defined time range. Just have discipline and keep engaging in speaking, listening, reading and writing activities that push the boundaries of your level.
What is the difference between "German" German and Austrian/Swiss/etc. German? | Should I learn [random dialect]?
muehsam provided a great explanation in the form of a comment in this thread:
You should study Standard German, which isn't really specific to a country. Whether you learn German Standard German, Austrian Standard German, or Swiss Standard German doesn't matter much, as they're extremely similar to each other.
What you shouldn't do (at first) is learn dialects. "Swiss German" is an umbrella term used for the Alemanic dialects used in Switzerland. Similarly, all Austrian dialects (except Vorarlberg) belong in the Bavarian dialect group. But there are also Bavarian and Alemanic dialects spoken in Germany, as well as lots of other dialects from different groups.
Is there an easy way to become familiar with noun genders other than rote memorization?
Not really, no. There are some rules and patterns whereby some noun endings always (or usually) indicate a certain gender, like -ung always indicating feminine (when it's a suffix, that is). Here's a quick guide to which of those morphemes imply which genders. The problem is that plenty of words – especially the words you'll be studying at the beginning in order to build up your vocabulary – don't have any specific morphemes that would indicate their gender. You have to memorize the genders of those words by rote and eventually you'll acquire a feel for them.
Why is 'Mädchen' neuter even though it refers to a female person?
Because all nouns ending in -chen are automatically neuter. Don't be fooled by the occasional "die Mädchen" – that's plural. Grammatical gender is a distinctly different concept from biological gender. This also means that referring back to a Mädchen or a Kind as 'es' is totally correct and not disrespectful in the slightest.
How do I tell whether I should call someone 'du' or 'Sie'?
Rule of thumb: If you are on a first-name basis with them, call them 'du'. If you are on a last-name basis, call them 'Sie'. However, the specific patterns aren't the same in every region or for every generation. To stay on the safe side, you can always default to 'Sie' and then just switch to 'du' if the native speaker initiates this change by calling you 'du'.
Why do German prayers address God as 'du'? Shouldn't it be 'Sie'?
They use 'du' when talking to God / a god because there is not supposed to be any social distance between a person and their particular god. It's a mistake to assume that religious speech is formal just because it often sounds old-fashioned. Praying to a deity is not a formal situation in the same way that talking to a police officer who just pulled you over for speeding is a formal situation. In fact, the devoutly religious may even claim that it's exactly the opposite. They might say that the deity you follow should be even closer to you than all of your friends and family. So if you address your friends as 'du', then addressing your god as 'Sie' would make no sense whatsoever.
How is the 'ch' sound in 'ich' actually pronounced?
The 'ch' sound in 'ich' is an unvoiced palatal fricative (represented by /ç/ in IPA). It's the same sound that 'ch' makes after all vowel sounds in German except for a, o, u and au. After any of those four vowel sounds, the 'ch' is pronounced as an unvoiced uvular fricative (represented by /χ/ in IPA).
The common advice given to native English speakers is that the final sound in 'ich' is very similar to the 'h' sound in words like 'hue' and 'human'. The transition from the -h- sound to the -u- sound in those words creates a slight "hissing" effect. If you can manage to isolate that hissing noise and exaggerate it just a little, you'll basically be pronouncing the 'ch' sound the same way Germans pronounce it in words like 'ich', 'euch', 'schlecht', 'riechen', 'reichen', etc.
Can I just ignore cases/genders? / Can I just pronounce every variant of 'dedie/das' as 'de' and have everyone understand me?
No, you really can't. At least not if you want to be able to speak with an appreciable level of complexity and actually have your communication perceived by Germans as halfway intelligent and meaningful. Imagine if someone insisted on using "caveman" speech when talking to you in your native language. You might understand them, but would you really want to talk to them? I'm guessing it would be a major turn-off. So, don't be that guy when talking to Germans. Any attempt to simplify every article to 'de', yet still be understood, is a classic case of putting more effort into cheating than it would take to just follow the rules.
And if you're still not convinced, think of it this way: Replacing all variants of 'dedie/das' with 'de' would likely only result in understandable speech if your grammar is otherwise flawless. And when you're first starting out, you can't really assume it will be. By removing cases and genders and replacing them with 'de', you're just taking grammar that's probably already bad and making it worse. It's not a clever innovation. I've seen a lot of inexperienced language learners falling victim to the fallacy of thinking that because a language feature is absent (or mostly absent) in their own language, it must be of equally little importance in other languages. But that's not how languages work.
How do I tell whether "Freund(in)" means "friend" or "boyfriend/girlfriend"?
Context. German doesn't really have a good generic word for "significant other". One trick is to say "ein(e) Freund(in) von mir" ("a friend of mine") if you want to clarify that the person is not your significant other.
What is the difference between 'ob' and 'wenn'?
'Ob' as a conjunction means 'whether'. If you can replace the 'if' in the English sentence with 'whether', then you have to use 'ob' in German. 'Ob' and 'wenn' are not interchangeable. Not even a little bit.
There's also 'falls', which can be synonymous with 'wenn' but can also mean something like 'in case'.
Keep in mind that 'ob' can also be a preposition that takes genitive and means something like 'due to'. But this usage isn't particularly common.
What is the difference between 'wissen' and 'kennen'?
'Wissen' is more like 'to be aware that...', while 'kennen' is more like 'to be familiar with'. Generally, you use 'wissen' with entire facts and 'kennen' with concrete nouns. This isn't a 100% foolproof guideline though. There are cases where 'wissen' makes sense with concrete nouns.
Here is a more in-depth blog post from German is easy!: https://yourdailygerman.com/wissen-kennen-difference/
What is the difference between 'weil' and 'denn'?
From a grammatical standpoint, 'denn' is a coordinating conjunction (when it appears at the beginning of a clause) and 'weil' is always a subordinating conjunction. This affects the word order because coordinating conjunctions introduce main clauses, in which the conjugated verb appears in the second position in German. Subordinate clauses, like those introduced by 'weil', have their conjugated verbs placed at the end.
Another difference is that a 'weil' clause can appear before the information it is modifying, whereas a 'denn' clause can only appear after the information it is modifying:
"Weil ich Musik liebe, spiele ich jeden Tag Klavier." -> Makes sense
"Denn ich liebe Musik, spiele ich jeden Tag Klavier" -> Doesn't make sense. It would have to be "Ich spiele jeden Tag Klavier, denn ich liebe Musik."
The final difference: 'Weil' is more common in speech.
There's also the (sometimes disputed) idea that 'weil' implies more direct causality, while 'denn' simply highlights an enabling circumstance that may have been the sole contributing factor but may have also been one of many contributing factors. According to this interpretation, 'denn' would be more like 'since' or 'seeing as' in English.
What does 'denn' mean in this sentence? | Why is there a 'schon' in this sentence? Doesn't 'schon' mean 'already'?
You've discovered modal particles. They are like the herbs and spices of a German sentence, in that German speakers use them to add an emotional tinge to what they're saying and to emphasize relationships between pieces of information. It's not possible to give a short tutorial here on how to use them. Check out this post for further explanation. There's also a blog called Your Daily German where you can find more detailed write-ups about specific modal particles. Follow this link to the blog and then you'll see additional links to the articles covering specific words.
Let me know about any questions and answers that I should add. Is there a way to require new members to skim over this post or something similar before asking a question? I suppose not... but it would help us cut down on the number of times we have to answer the same questions again and again.
submitted by washington_breadstix to German [link] [comments]

Norwegian resources and helpful stuff

These resources have been gathered by the helpful users on the Norwegian language learning exchange Discord server (please see further down for more information about Discord). Links to many more resources can be found on that server.
Probably missed a lot, some due to laziness, and some due to limit in max allowed post size. Will edit as necessary.

Courses, grammar lessons, educational books, etc.

Duolingo (from A1 to A2/B1)

duolingo.com is free to use, supported by ads. Optional pay for no ads and for a few more features.
The Norwegian course is one of the more extensive ones available on Duolingo. The volunteer content creators have put a lot of work into it, and the creators are very responsive to fixing potential errors. The audio is computer generated.
You learn words and constructed sentences.
If you use the browser version you will get grammar tips, and can choose if you want to type the complete sentences or use selectable word choices. The phone app might or might not give access to the grammar tips.
A compiled pdf of the grammar tips for version 1 can be found on Google drive. (The Norwegian course is currently at version 4).

Memrise (from A1 to A2/B1)

memrise.com is free to use. Optional pay for more features.
A few courses are company made, while several others are user made. No easy way to correct errors found in the courses. Audio is usually spoken by humans.
You learn words and constructed phrases.

Learn Norwegian on the web (from A1 to A2/B1)

Free to use. Optional books you can buy. Made by the University in Trondheim, NTNU. Audio is spoken by humans.
A complete course starting with greetings and ending with basic communication.

FutureLearn (from A1 to A2/B1)

Free to use. Optional pay for more features. Audio and video spoken by humans. Made by the University of Oslo, UiO. Or by the University in Trondheim, NTNU.
Can be done at any time, but during their scheduled times (usually start of the fall and the spring semester) you will get help from human teachers.

CALST — Computer-Assisted Listening and Speaking Tutor

CALST is free to use. Made by the University in Trondheim, NTNU. Audio is spoken by humans.
Choose your native language, then choose your Norwegian dialect, then continue as guest, or optionally register an account.
Learn how to pronounce the Norwegian sounds and differentiate similar sounding words. Learn the sounds and tones/pitch.
Not all lessons work in all browsers. Chrome is recommended.

YouTube

Clozemaster (at B1/B2)

clozemaster.com is free to use. Optional pay for more features.
Not recommended for beginners.
Content is mostly user made. No easy way to correct errors. Audio is computer generated.
You learn words (multiple choice).

Printed (on dead trees) learning material

Grammar and stuff

Online grammar exercises (based on printed books)

/norsk FAQ and Wiki

Dictionaries

Bokmålsordboka/Nynorskordboka — Norwegian-Norwegian

The authoritative dictionary for spelling Norwegian.
Maintained by University of Bergen (UiB), and Språkrådet (The language council of Norway) that has government mandate to oversee the Norwegian language.

Lexin — Norwegian-Norwegian-English-sort-of

Maintained by OsloMet.

Det norske akademis ordbok — Norwegian-Norwegian

Maintained by Det norske akademi for språk og kultur, a private organisation promoting riksmål, which is NOT allowed officially.

Ordnett — Norwegian-English/English-Norwegian

Maintained by a book publisher.

Online communities

Facebook

Discord

Discord is a web-browsephone/windows/mac/etc-app that allows both text, voice and video chat.
If you are new to Discord its user interface might be a bit confusing in the beginning, since there are many servers/communities and many topics on each server.
If you're new to Discord and you try it, using a web-browser until you get familiar and see if this is something you enjoy or not is recommended.
If you use a phone you will need to swipe left and right, long-press and minimise/expand categories and stuff much more than on a bigger computer screen, which probably adds complexity to the initial confusion of a using an unfamiliar app.

Some Norwegian servers:

Newspapers

Media

Podcasts

Various books

Various material for use by Norwegian schools

Various (children's) series

NRK TV

Children's stuff with subtitles

Brødrene Dahl

Youth stuff

Other stuff without subtitles

Grown up stuff

For those with a VPN (or living in Norway)

For those living in Norway

Visit your local library in person and check out their web pages. It gives you free access to lots of books, magazines, films and stuff.
Most also have additional digital stuff you get free access to, like e-books, films, dictionaries, all kind of magazines and newspapers.
Some even give you free access to some of the paid Norwegian languages courses listed above.
submitted by NokoHeiltAnna to nelle [link] [comments]

Hybridizing Familial Dead and Living Branches of Gothic / Germanic Dialects

Hello all.
This question may come across as absurd to some, perhaps asinine to others, yet I post this here hoping to get some feedback on the mere plausibility of it. As most astute readers on Gothic likely already know, Crimean Gothic is not directly related, is little attested, and contains very few characters compared to the lexicon necessary to write it. Of course, there is Gothic itself (though I am unsure of the difference in dialect between the Visigoths and the Ostrogoths) except, as far as I know, Ulfilas's Bible and the Skeireins are the only two major sources of the language. That being said, however, taking what we know from those sources, is it possible to borrow from other lesser-known familial branches of Gothic, namely dialects that have roots in North Germanic and West Germanic (i.e. Faroese, Hessian, Palatine, Flemish, East Pommerian, Highest Alemmanic, Baltendeutsch, etc), to create a hybrid dialect altogether unintelligible by the sum of its collective parts? If I understand it all correctly, would these dialects all have conflicting syntax, morphology, and conjugation, or do they all follow similar, if not identical, rules? Vowels and consonants I think I irrelevant as this exercise is merely stitching together words and phrases. Pragmatics is another thing altogether though...
What do you all think?
submitted by ThrowAwayAccount--99 to linguistics [link] [comments]

B1 Self Study Guide

I've seen a lot of requests and questions regarding the B1 level, how to reach it, B1 Exams (Goethe Zertifikat B1), etc. and I was wondering if there's any way you can reach B1 on your own. So as soon as I finished my Goethe A2 course, I started my B1 journey. I researched, I asked my teachers about the books/resources before I used them and I studied every day, at least an hour a day and sometimes even three hours/day. So I thought I'd share some of my experiences
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\** NOTE:* Be aware that some of the things mentioned here might or might not work for you; this is just my personal self-study experience
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These are the resources that I've used and also how I've used them:
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1) BOOKS
Get some good books. I can't speak for all the books out there, probably there are betteworse ones, but these are the ones I've used:
I picked these ones because I got them at a very good price and also a friend of mine who was B1 at the time, told me that that's what they use in class at Goethe Institut. I worked through the books every day, doing one chapter from the KB and then one chapter the next day from the AB, so that I could apply what I learned from the previous day. Don't move on to the next chapter if there's something you didn't understand (especially Grammar), because you will encounter it again and again, and you'll soon find yourself unable to understand anything.
\** Note: Unfortunately, the Arbeitsbuch has no answers at the back of the book, so if you're not sure about how you did the questions, here are the links to the official answers from Hueber Verlag*
Menschen Loesungsschluessel Arbeitsbuch B1.1
Menschen Loesungsschluessel Arbeitsbuch B1.2
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2) GRAMMAR
Grammar is essential and B1 is where it becomes essential. And you MUST know it. (Personal experience: I thought I had a well-consolidated vocabulary because I was able to understand a lot of words, but once I started to encounter structures like "je...desto or entweder...oder" things might start to get a bit tricky and no matter how much vocabulary you know, it'll be really hard to tell the meaning of a sentence. So Learn the GRAMMAR.
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German level B1 has a lot of grammar topics. In every chapter at least 3–4 grammar topics are present. List of Grammar topics in B1 is as follows.
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Praeteritum formen: Ich suchte, du suchtest, etc. using “te” instead of partizip II.
Vergangenes berichten
vergangenheit, vorvergangenheit, plusquamperfekt
Futur I
Bildung des passiv; werden+partizip II, wurde+partizip II, sein+partizip II
Passiv mit Modalverb: Modalverb+Partizip II+werden im infinitiv
Konjuktiv II der Modalverben
Irreale Bedingungssaetze mit Konjuktiv II
Verb mit Pareposition
nicht/kein+brauchen+zu, nur+brauchen+zu
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Genetiv: “des”
n-Deklination
Adjektive als Substantive
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Komparitiv und Superlativ vor Substativen
Adjektiv nach dem bestimmten und unbestimmten Artikel: Genitiv
Adjektivdeklination ohne Artikel
Partizip als Adjektive
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Reflexivpronomen im Akkusativ und Dativ
Pronomen mit Praeposition und Pronominaladverbien
Artikelwoerter als Pronomen
Reflexivpronomen was und wo
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Wegen und Trotz
Innerhalb und Ausserhalb
Temporale praepositionen Vor, Nach, waehrend
aus+material
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Stellung von nicht im satz
Temporale nebensaetze: bevor, nachdem, seit/seitdem, waehrend, bis
Folgen ausdruecken:
deshalb, darum, deswegen
sodass, so….dass
Gruende und Gegenguende ausdruecken: weil/da, obwohl
Infinitiv mit zu
Relativsaetze: Relativpronomen im Dativ
Relativsaetze: Relativpronomen mit Praeposition
Verben mit praeposition und Nebensatz
Zweiteilige Konnektoren:
Sowohl, als auch
nicht nur, sondern auch
entweder, oder
weder, noch
zwar, aber
einerseits, andererseits
Saetze mit je….desto…
​
​
\** Note: Some of these (if not all of them) are explained in Textbooks, but some textbooks just go over them briefly. That's why I suggest if you didn't understand something or if it isn't very well explained in the book, look it up*
​
3) VOCABULARY (+Listening)
Vocabulary is probably the most important part of learning German, and especially B1 Vocab is the starting point for all the daily and basic conversations that you might have in a German-speaking country.
​
4) SPEAKING
This is where it gets tricky. If you're like me (you don't live in a German-speaking country/don't have any German friends) then you know what are the odds of running into a Native/Fluent speaker of German. It gets even trickier if you live in an English speaking country because the odds are even thinner. But there are still a couple of things that you might try in order to practice speaking.
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Apps - it's true, it's not the same thing as speaking with someone in person, but at least it challenges and forces your brain to come up with stuff that you might say in a daily conversation.
Some of you might have friends or at least know people that can speak German on a decent level. Talk to them and tell them to correct you. If not, don't worry, you'll get the chance at some point. Apps are totally fine for B1.
\**Bonus:* This is something you don't hear a lot of people do, but I did it a couple of times and it's helpful. Try having mental conversations with yourself and see how long you can keep talking. For example, you can say "Wie war dein Tag?" and go on from there. And you'll see that if you avoid answers like "Gut" or "Toll", it actually gets pretty hard to say everything that you did in one day because you don't have the vocab yet. It's a bit strange, but helpful because it shows you instantly what you know and what you don't know.
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Other resources for B1:
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I hope this helps! :)
submitted by Nerrroo to German [link] [comments]

Defend Learning Grammar

I've been learning Spanish for a few months now and one of the things I've noticed is that a lot of resources set themselves in opposition to learning grammar. If they aren't explicitly against it (learning grammar doesn't work, it's a waste of your time, boring, etc.) they're often at least against studying it on its own (follow this course and you'll 'pick it up' naturally, etc.). I'm yet to see anyone provide a defence of seriously studying it. Has anyone here made serious grammar study a part of their language learning routine? If so did you find it useful? How much of your study was grammar learning, and what do you think of those who say it's completely useless?
submitted by alexthomas93 to languagelearning [link] [comments]

All Websites for Finding Free Language Courses

The site talkie is one of the biggest names out there for practicing your language skills online with native speakers. Designed for language learners to find native speaking teachers and exchange partners via Skype, the free version of their service includes some great benefits, including access to their learner community. This access allows you to connect with other learners and arrange informal language exchanges via Skype or email.

Websites for Finding Free Language Courses

When most of us think about taking a language course, we’re picturing a classroom full of wobbly desks and chalkboard dust, plus a three- or four-digit tuition fee. For those who are looking for all the structure and formality of a traditional course but aren’t sure about stepping back into the classroom or forking over those fees, check out some of these free online language courses, available in nearly as many languages as there are learners.

1. Live Lingua

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Heading off the list is Live Lingua, the Internet’s largest collection of free public domain language learning materials, according to the site itself. It’s not hard to believe. There are thousands of free e-books, audio recordings and foreign language video materials available in over 130 different languages.
It’s also one of the most user-friendly websites hosting the US Foreign Service Institute’s public domain language courses, which were developed by the US Department of State for expert language learning and are now freely available on various sites across the Web.

2.Learn language .com

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Learn language.com is a website with links to extensive resources on and in 19 different languages. You can learn over 1400 words in your target language for free with their vocabulary lists and verb conjugation charts, and there’s plenty more free learning to be done in the nine languages in which Learn language.com maintains its own Web-based courses.

3. Open Culture

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Open Culture is an e-learning website that hosts “the best free cultural and educational media on the web,” and when it comes to languages, they’re not bluffing. Open Culture maintains a list of free courses in 48 languages across the Web, from Amharic to Yiddish. With these collected resources from governments, universities and respected private institutions across the world, you’re sure to find free, high-quality lessons in 48 languages that are learned far and wide.

4. Surface Languages

Surface Languages maintains an extensive database of free online learning resources, as well as its own beginner audio courses in Italian, Portuguese, French and Polish. Additionally, there’s a handy section with audio and flashcards in Afrikaans and Romanian, and a “recently added” sidebar that shows you the latest additions to their ever-growing language learning library.

5. Internet Polyglot

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Internet Polyglot offers many of the same kinds of resources as the sites listed above, with the awesome added advantage of its “quick start menu,” which allows you to choose not only what language you’re learning but also what language you’re learning it in. Do you already speak Spanish and want to get started on Portuguese? Just select “Spanish” for the language you speak, and get started with a composite mental exercise to strengthen one language while building another.

6. Headstart2 Defense Language Institute

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The Defense Language Institute (DELI), like the Foreign Service Institute, is a government service that makes high-quality language learning programs available for free. Headstart2 is one of the best and most easily navigable services hosting complete DELI courses. After quickly registering for an account, you’ll be launched straight into interactive lessons with maps, images, sound, cultural notes and more.

Websites with Video-based Language Learning Content

The science shows that switching on the TV is great for language learning. If you want your brain to soak up the sights and sounds of what actual everyday speech sounds like and how it’s used in your target language, tune in and kick back for some quality input-based learning with these websites.

7. Streetcar

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For the tube-loving language learners out there, Streetlamps hard to beat. Although it’s not necessarily designed as a language learning tool, it offers free TV streaming from over 100 countries around the world in nearly as many languages.
This is an especially exciting resource if you’re learning a less commonly studied language with less widely available video material. Tuning into your favorite Albanian or Nepali TV station can easily make up for the lack of other learning materials in your language.

8. Fluent U

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Fluent U is a totally different world of language learning.
If you’re into learning with video, TV and movies (which you definitely should be), you’ve got to at least grab your free 15-day trial and spend a couple weeks binge-learning here with our video and audio libraries, which feature many of the same things native speakers of your target language are watching in their sweatpants while eating potato chips at home.
Two main features set Fluent U apart from the others on this list. The first is the sheer range of available content: movies, news, documentaries, cartoons, music videos, funny YouTube videos or whatever else you like to watch, it’s there.
The second is that it uses real-world video. Instead of contriving some slowly-spoken and articulately-pronounced (and usually terribly boring) videos for learners, Fluent U directs you to authentic video content appropriate to your level with built-in learning tools that ensure you can keep up.
Starting out with the free trial will give you a priceless learning boost, and if you subscribe after the trial period you’ll be paying less monthly for unlimited video content than you’d be shoveling out hourly for lessons with even the most affordable tutors.
Here’s just a brief taste of the content you’ll find on Fluent U:
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Fluent U App Browse Screen.
Fluent U has interactive captions that let you tap on any word to see an image, definition, audio and useful examples. Now native language content is within reach with interactive transcripts.
Didn’t catch something? Go back and listen again. Missed a word? Hover your mouse over the subtitles to instantly view definitions.
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Interactive transcript for Carlos Beaut song.
You can learn all the vocabulary in any video with Effluents “learn mode.” Swipe left or right to see more examples for the word you’re learning.
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Fluent U Has Quizzes for Every Video
And Fluent U always keeps track of vocabulary that you’re learning. It uses that vocab to give you a 100% personalized experience by recommending videos and examples.
Start using Fluent U on the website with your computer or tablet or, better yet, download the Fluent U app from the iTunes store or Google Play store.

9. Innovative Language

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Since its inception in 2005, Innovative Language has striven to become one of the leading language lesson providers.
Innovative Language is a massive system of free video and audio lessons in 34 languages. It’s updated with new lessons every week, with material geared towards absolute beginners all the way up to advanced learners nearing fluency. You may recognize it from its podcast sites (for example, Portuguesepod101) These are the language-specific sites you’ll be directed to once you enter your email and pick a language. Here’s just a sampling of the many popular foreign languages they currently offer:
It focuses on featuring audio and video material made by professional teachers, and it’s one of the most prolific and consistent language sites in the game. They teach grammar, vocabulary, everyday conversations, real-life situations and culture. So, basically, you’ve got all your bases covered.
Although they have a paid version of the service, thousands of professionally produced audios and videos are given absolutely free.
You can benefit from this flood of language content regardless of your state of fluency—they’ve got something for absolute beginners as well as advanced learners.

10. YouTube TV Channels

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Did you know that YouTube has an insane number of TV shows available from around the world? Just go to the International TV section and scroll through the shows sorted by language.
This one is particularly helpful for learners of Indian languages, as it includes Hindi, Tamil, Marathi and others widely spoken through the Indian subcontinent, but other options like Korean, Japanese, Spanish, Greek, Danish and more are available as well.

Massively Open Online Courses (Moo Cs) for Free Language Learning

Did we mention that we think technology is awesome? A lot of the world’s best universities agree with us. That’s why so many of them are making lesson materials and entire university courses available online for free. Here are some of the best massively open online courses for learning a language.

11. MIT Open Courseware

📷
MIT was one of the university hipsters making their course content available online before it was cool. Under the amazing Global Studies and Languages section of their Open Course ware website, you’ll find courses ranging from Chinese II to Contemporary French Politics, all designed to help you engage not only with the language you’re studying but also with its greater cultural context.

12. Ed X

📷
Ed X is one of the biggest MOOC (massive open online course) websites out there. You can find a lot of college-level courses here, created and taught by actual professors from top universities. As a language learner, you can consider taking a dedicated language class, or if you’re more advanced, taking a course in your target language. For example, right now you can sign up to take an algebra class entirely in French!
You can actually earn college credits on Ed X, through Arizona State University. Some of the courses have certificates you can get for completing them. In general, it costs money to get a verified certificate for completing a course (so make sure you check the details before you sign up), but many of the courses themselves are still free.

13. Coursers Language Learning

📷
The courses offered on Coursers are run by professors from world-renowned institutions, and it’s even possible to earn a certificate from many of the courses.
Coursers, another big name in online education, also maintains a Language Learning section under its online catalogue. Many of the courses will be geared toward beginners, like First Step Korean, and others will engage more generally with language learning, like the Miracles of Human Language course from Leiden University. Still other classes are taught on other topics in foreign languages, so you can learn about writing, math, engineering or literature in the foreign language you’re learning—though this approach is recommended for higher-level learners.
On Coursers, there are currently 122 classes taught in Chinese, the second most common language after English, and a long list of other languages trail after. Spanish has 79 classes. French has 41 classes. You get the idea. There are a ton of classes out there for you to try. You can even learn about entrepreneurship in Khmer!
Whatever you find here, it’s coming from a respected university or educational institute, and if it’s not on offer now, sign up to get an alert when it is!

14. Carnegie Mellon Open Learning Initiative

📷
The OIL at Carnegie Mellon isn’t specifically made for language courses, but there are several excellent ones on offer. From elementary Spanish and French to “Arabic for Global Exchange,” you’ll find frequent courses available in the world’s biggest and most commonly learned languages.

15. Alison

📷
Each of the eight languages offered on Alison’s language learning platform include at least an introductory course, and others include more advanced and detailed courses in popular languages like French. Best of all, if you complete all modules and score at least 80% on all your course assignments, you’ll be rewarded with a fancy (and free) certificate!

16. The Mega List of MOOC from Web Techno and Translation

📷
The blog Web Techno and Translation smartly and helpfully recommends taking an MOOC given in the foreign language you’re studying, and gives you a decent list to get started on doing so. Once you’ve broken through the intermediate level and are ready to start doing more with your language skills, why not try taking a course conducted in that language? Whether you want to study Croatian history in Croatian or systems administration in Spanish, the goal is the same: by focusing on learning about a topic instead of the language itself, you’ll learn more naturally.

Free Websites for Connecting with Native Speakers of Your Language

The biggest secret to effective language learning isn’t really a secret at all: You’ve gotta talk! And who better to talk with than a native speaker?
It’s okay if you can’t hop on a plane this weekend—instead, just click over to one of these websites, where you can connect with native speakers of your target language for free.

17. talkie

📷
The site italki is one of the biggest names out there for practicing your language skills online with native speakers. Designed for language learners to find native speaking teachers and exchange partners via Skype, the free version of their service includes some great benefits, including access to their learner community. This access allows you to connect with other learners and arrange informal language exchanges via Skype or email. If you're looking to invest a little more to have a private tutor or teacher at some point, you can do that on talkie too.

18. The Polyglot Club

📷
The Polyglot Club is an awesome all-purpose language learning website with tons of free features for connecting you with native speakers of your target language. You can find language exchange partners, submit written texts for correction, hang out in chat rooms, browse through target language videos and even attend their language events and meetups for connecting with even more learners!

19. Hi Native

📷
Hi Native is an innovative app that takes a nontraditional approach. Rather than giving you flashcards and courses or even facilitating Skype sessions, Hi Native allows you to ask questions to native speakers of the language you’re learning. Whether it’s about the difference between two confusing words, getting a pronunciation check or figuring out how and when to use the subjunctive, just send a text and wait for a response.

20. Word2Word

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Word2Word is all about connecting the world, and they aim to do so by providing you with an insane amount of free online language learning resources. Not only are there chat rooms and meetups, but the site hosts resources on everything from typing characters in other alphabets and scripts to a Dictionary of Period Russian Names. If you’re looking for language exchange and don’t mind falling down the rabbit hole of linguistic Gerry, this is definitely the place to get started.

21. Lang-8

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For many of us, speaking comes easily, but when it comes time to put pen to paper and communicate in writing, all of a sudden we feel like we don’t speak a word of the language. Lang-8 is a community of native speakers of various world languages who work together to improve each other’s writing in languages they’re learning by offering revisions and tips on the posts made in their languages—just don’t forget to pay it forward by helping others out with your native language too!

Free Vocabulary Games and Flashcards

There are boring flashcards, and then there are the kind that turn language learning into a game and wake up the competitor in all of us. To build your vocabulary while having some fun, these sites offer some fantastic flashcard exercises and other language learning games.

22. Duo lingo

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How could we even make a list without mentioning everyone’s favorite pushy little green bird? Duo lingo user-friendly vocabulary games made language learning cool again by unlocking the power of gaming for language learning.
They use the gaming strategy to make sure you retain more of what you learn than you would from your standard, flipping-through-printed-flashcards approach. The truly dedicated will be rewarded by being asked to translate sentences of increasingly comical ridiculousness as they work up through the levels of their language.

23. Mesmerism

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Mesmerism gives you a more hands-on option for flashcard learning with its “memes.” You can use the cards provided by Mesmerism and other users, or you can create your own mnemonic devices by composing and finding images for your own cards. Somehow, repetition doesn’t seem so repetitive when you can turn all your flashcards into irreverent memes and personal in-jokes tailored to you and your own brain.

24. Digital Dialects

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For beginners and those suffering from 90s nostalgia, Digital Dialects is a techno-retro online game site with animated and interactive lessons in a couple dozen languages. Listen to the voice as it names fruits, then click them and drag them into a basket, or match English phrases to the ones being spoken in your target language. It’s a simple platform free of distraction, and it offers that j NE said quo for the Nintendo kids who still have a knack for learning in 16-bit.

General Language and Language Learning Resources

For those of us with a deep and passionate love for language and languages, we want to know everything about them. Not just how to get from the airport to your hotel or how to make small talk during your coffee break, but the details.
Who speaks the language we’re learning, and where do they speak it? What’s its history, and what can it teach us about the cultures that created it and that are created by it? These websites include the kind of encyclopedic information necessary for thorough, holistic learning, as well as free courses and learning resources.

25. Omnipotent

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If you’re learning one language or find yourself in a poly amorous love affair with all languages, Omnipotent should live on your browser’s bookmarks bar. This online encyclopedia of writing systems and languages is like the Wikipedia of all things languages and linguistics.
Not only does it provide linguistic and cultural information on hundreds of world languages, but it also offers some of its own free video lessons. Under its “courses” page, Omnipotent maintains an impressive list of links to learning resources for specific languages, most of which are free.

26. BBC Languages

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Another goldmine for the language and linguistics geeks in the room, BBC Languages offers free information and learner resources for 40 world languages. While some are more thorough than others, the seven languages listed on their main Languages homepage include extensive links to target language media (like TV streaming services, online newspapers and magazines in French, Chinese and Greek). The kinds of resources offered vary from language to language, but most include overviews and phrasebooks, as well as BBC’s own introductory lessons, on-site courses and links to help you find classes in your area.

27. Thought Co.

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Thought Co. provides a long list of language learning resources like many others on this list, but also has its own sites dedicated to several of the languages on its list. About French, for example, includes educational videos, blog posts on French learning topics and guides to language essentials. About German offers much of the same. Explore multiple languages and find links to extensive resources across the Web.

28. Wiki travel Phrasebooks

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You don’t have to be planning a vacation to take advantage of Wiki travel! The user-maintained wiki has a compilation of travel phrasebooks, ranging from well-known world languages like Arabic and Portuguese to less popular choices like Kannada and Parliament.
Even some of the most skeleton-like articles on languages like Zulu include guides to pronunciation, basic phrases, numbers, time, transportation, eating, shopping and common problem-solving vocabulary, making it an incredible resource for practically-inclined learners who just want to get out and use their language.

Free Language Learning Websites for Specific Languages

Some of the best free sites out there are the ones that focus on a single language, building an entire website packed with information, lessons and more for learners who know what language they want and know they don’t want to break the bank learning it. Here are some of our favorite websites for learning that one language.
French
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29. The French Experiment — Free French lessons, stories, reviews and cats!
30. London Speaks French — Vocabulary and grammar lessons with a helpful pronunciation tool to compare your voice to natives’ voices.
For dedicated Francophile looking to max out their online learning time, browse through some of these best websites to learn French.
German
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31. Deutschmark.com — With 10 beginner lessons and 24 advanced grammar lessons, this free resource is a great starting point for beginning learners and those intimidated by the infamously frustrating German grammar.
32. Deutschmark — This greeter Online-Deutschmarks has helpful audio clips and interactive lessons, as well as links to in-person courses in Berlin and other parts of Central Europe.
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33. Deutschmark Welles — The German international broadcast’s online Deutschmark offers free courses by level, from beginner to advanced.
For video-loving learners, don’t forget about all the great YouTube videos for German learners out there!
Spanish
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34. Study Spanish.com — Don’t be fooled by the simple name. With exhaustive information and lessons on all aspects of the language, it’s a Spanish linguistic powerhouse and a goldmine for learners.
35. Spanish Games — Learn Spanish with fun, interactive vocabulary games.
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36. 123 Teach Me — A mega-resource for all things Spanish, including free online games, courses, word of the day and a handy verb conjugation.
If you like thinking outside the box when it comes to language learning, you can also try out some nontraditional websites for learning Spanish.
Chinese
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37. CCTV — Chinese public television, as well as a BBC-like array of written media and resources for Chinese language learners.
38. Chinese-Tools.com — A 40-lesson online course with a learner forum and Chinese dictionary.
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39. Zhengzhou Red — In-context vocabulary and culture lessons in a conversation-like format.
More of a bookworm? Try getting started with some free and cheap Chinese e-books!
Japanese
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40. Japanese Online — A simple beginner’s resource with four units on the basics, topic modifiers, sentence structures and Japanese traditions.
41. Easy Japanese — Flashcards and games geared toward writing and speaking the language.
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42. NH World — This Japanese public broadcaster maintains its own online magazine, including language lessons, audio clips and video resources for learners.
Is it grammar that’s got you down? Check out these websites for mastering your Japanese grammar.
Arabic
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43. Arabic Online — This website from the European Union aims to help beginners familiarize themselves with the Arabic language, and offers several paid courses beyond the beginner level.
44. Arabic Keyboard — Aside from helping you with tricky Arabic script and the grammar that goes along with it, this site includes super helpful, practical information about the Arabic language, its dialects and where and how to use them.
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45. Arabic Reading Course — For absolute beginners, this letter-by-letter course is the perfect jump-start to get you reading and writing in Arabic.
Portuguese
46. Learn Portuguese with Rafa — Beyond introductory lessons on things like counting and ordering food, Rafa maintains a sidebar full of links on everything from traditional recipes to doing business in Portuguese.
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47. Tod Munro Pod — An exciting So Paulo-based podcast with basic tips in English and the rest in beautiful Brazilian Portuguese.
48. Practice Portuguese — For those looking to learn Iberian (European) Portuguese, get started with the free Practice Portuguese Podcast.
​
49. Really Learn Portuguese — Podcasts and flashcards for beginner, intermediate and advanced learners, all brought to you by two friendly Brazilians.
These 49 websites prove it: Money is no object for determined language learners.
The first step is just clicking one of the links above.
Haven’t started learning any one language yet? Choose your language and head over to Omnipotent or BBC Languages to read up on it. Build up your basic vocab with a flashcard app or your favorite language game, immerse your brain in quality video content and connect with natives around the world via Skype or your social network of choice.
With money concerns firmly out of the picture, now all you need to do is make the time for language learning, and you’re all set to start heading towards fluency!
submitted by saradinto to languagelearning [link] [comments]

Why kann?

Hallo! After a lot of time I resume my German learning. I was doing some exercise and stumbled upon this question. „Kann Ihre Frau Gitarre spielen?“ My question is, why is Kann used, instead of Könnt? I thought könnt was the conjugation for ihr. Thanks!
submitted by dfuentes2677 to German [link] [comments]

All Websites for Finding Free Language Courses

Websites for Finding Free Language Courses
When most of us think about taking a language course, we’re picturing a classroom full of wobbly desks and chalkboard dust, plus a three- or four-digit tuition fee. For those who are looking for all the structure and formality of a traditional course but aren’t sure about stepping back into the classroom or forking over those fees, check out some of these free online language courses, available in nearly as many languages as there are learners.
1. Live Lingua
Heading off the list is Live Lingua, the Internet’s largest collection of free public domain language learning materials, according to the site itself. It’s not hard to believe. There are thousands of free e-books, audio recordings and foreign language video materials available in over 130 different languages.
It’s also one of the most user-friendly websites hosting the US Foreign Service Institute’s public domain language courses, which were developed by the US Department of State for expert language learning and are now freely available on various sites across the Web.
2.Learn language .com
Learn language.com is a website with links to extensive resources on and in 19 different languages. You can learn over 1400 words in your target language for free with their vocabulary lists and verb conjugation charts, and there’s plenty more free learning to be done in the nine languages in which Learn language.com maintains its own Web-based courses.
3. Open Culture
Open Culture is an e-learning website that hosts “the best free cultural and educational media on the web,” and when it comes to languages, they’re not bluffing. Open Culture maintains a list of free courses in 48 languages across the Web, from Amharic to Yiddish. With these collected resources from governments, universities and respected private institutions across the world, you’re sure to find free, high-quality lessons in 48 languages that are learned far and wide.
4. Surface Languages
Surface Languages maintains an extensive database of free online learning resources, as well as its own beginner audio courses in Italian, Portuguese, French and Polish. Additionally, there’s a handy section with audio and flashcards in Afrikaans and Romanian, and a “recently added” sidebar that shows you the latest additions to their ever-growing language learning library.
5. Internet Polyglot
Internet Polyglot offers many of the same kinds of resources as the sites listed above, with the awesome added advantage of its “quick start menu,” which allows you to choose not only what language you’re learning but also what language you’re learning it in. Do you already speak Spanish and want to get started on Portuguese? Just select “Spanish” for the language you speak, and get started with a composite mental exercise to strengthen one language while building another.
6. Headstart2 Defense Language Institute
The Defense Language Institute (DELI), like the Foreign Service Institute, is a government service that makes high-quality language learning programs available for free. Headstart2 is one of the best and most easily navigable services hosting complete DELI courses. After quickly registering for an account, you’ll be launched straight into interactive lessons with maps, images, sound, cultural notes and more.
Websites with Video-based Language Learning Content
The science shows that switching on the TV is great for language learning. If you want your brain to soak up the sights and sounds of what actual everyday speech sounds like and how it’s used in your target language, tune in and kick back for some quality input-based learning with these websites.
7. Streetcar
For the tube-loving language learners out there, Streetlamps hard to beat. Although it’s not necessarily designed as a language learning tool, it offers free TV streaming from over 100 countries around the world in nearly as many languages.
This is an especially exciting resource if you’re learning a less commonly studied language with less widely available video material. Tuning into your favorite Albanian or Nepali TV station can easily make up for the lack of other learning materials in your language.
8. Fluent U
Fluent U is a totally different world of language learning.
If you’re into learning with video, TV and movies (which you definitely should be), you’ve got to at least grab your free 15-day trial and spend a couple weeks binge-learning here with our video and audio libraries, which feature many of the same things native speakers of your target language are watching in their sweatpants while eating potato chips at home.
Two main features set Fluent U apart from the others on this list. The first is the sheer range of available content: movies, news, documentaries, cartoons, music videos, funny YouTube videos or whatever else you like to watch, it’s there.
The second is that it uses real-world video. Instead of contriving some slowly-spoken and articulately-pronounced (and usually terribly boring) videos for learners, Fluent U directs you to authentic video content appropriate to your level with built-in learning tools that ensure you can keep up.
Starting out with the free trial will give you a priceless learning boost, and if you subscribe after the trial period you’ll be paying less monthly for unlimited video content than you’d be shoveling out hourly for lessons with even the most affordable tutors.
Here’s just a brief taste of the content you’ll find on Fluent U:
Fluent U App Browse Screen.
Fluent U has interactive captions that let you tap on any word to see an image, definition, audio and useful examples. Now native language content is within reach with interactive transcripts.
Didn’t catch something? Go back and listen again. Missed a word? Hover your mouse over the subtitles to instantly view definitions.
Interactive transcript for Carlos Beaut song.
You can learn all the vocabulary in any video with Effluents “learn mode.” Swipe left or right to see more examples for the word you’re learning.
Fluent U Has Quizzes for Every Video
And Fluent U always keeps track of vocabulary that you’re learning. It uses that vocab to give you a 100% personalized experience by recommending videos and examples.
Start using Fluent U on the website with your computer or tablet or, better yet, download the Fluent U app from the iTunes store or Google Play store.
9. Innovative Language
Since its inception in 2005, Innovative Language has striven to become one of the leading language lesson providers.
Innovative Language is a massive system of free video and audio lessons in 34 languages. It’s updated with new lessons every week, with material geared towards absolute beginners all the way up to advanced learners nearing fluency. You may recognize it from its podcast sites (for example, Portuguesepod101) These are the language-specific sites you’ll be directed to once you enter your email and pick a language. Here’s just a sampling of the many popular foreign languages they currently offer:
It focuses on featuring audio and video material made by professional teachers, and it’s one of the most prolific and consistent language sites in the game. They teach grammar, vocabulary, everyday conversations, real-life situations and culture. So, basically, you’ve got all your bases covered.
Although they have a paid version of the service, thousands of professionally produced audios and videos are given absolutely free.
You can benefit from this flood of language content regardless of your state of fluency—they’ve got something for absolute beginners as well as advanced learners.
10. YouTube TV Channels
Did you know that YouTube has an insane number of TV shows available from around the world? Just go to the International TV section and scroll through the shows sorted by language.
This one is particularly helpful for learners of Indian languages, as it includes Hindi, Tamil, Marathi and others widely spoken through the Indian subcontinent, but other options like Korean, Japanese, Spanish, Greek, Danish and more are available as well.
Massively Open Online Courses (Moo Cs) for Free Language Learning
Did we mention that we think technology is awesome? A lot of the world’s best universities agree with us. That’s why so many of them are making lesson materials and entire university courses available online for free. Here are some of the best massively open online courses for learning a language.
11. MIT Open Courseware
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MIT was one of the university hipsters making their course content available online before it was cool. Under the amazing Global Studies and Languages section of their Open Course ware website, you’ll find courses ranging from Chinese II to Contemporary French Politics, all designed to help you engage not only with the language you’re studying but also with its greater cultural context.
  1. Ed X
📷
Ed X is one of the biggest MOOC (massive open online course) websites out there. You can find a lot of college-level courses here, created and taught by actual professors from top universities. As a language learner, you can consider taking a dedicated language class, or if you’re more advanced, taking a course in your target language. For example, right now you can sign up to take an algebra class entirely in French!
You can actually earn college credits on Ed X, through Arizona State University. Some of the courses have certificates you can get for completing them. In general, it costs money to get a verified certificate for completing a course (so make sure you check the details before you sign up), but many of the courses themselves are still free.
13. Coursers Language Learning
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The courses offered on Coursers are run by professors from world-renowned institutions, and it’s even possible to earn a certificate from many of the courses.
Coursers, another big name in online education, also maintains a Language Learning section under its online catalogue. Many of the courses will be geared toward beginners, like First Step Korean, and others will engage more generally with language learning, like the Miracles of Human Language course from Leiden University. Still other classes are taught on other topics in foreign languages, so you can learn about writing, math, engineering or literature in the foreign language you’re learning—though this approach is recommended for higher-level learners.
On Coursers, there are currently 122 classes taught in Chinese, the second most common language after English, and a long list of other languages trail after. Spanish has 79 classes. French has 41 classes. You get the idea. There are a ton of classes out there for you to try. You can even learn about entrepreneurship in Khmer!
Whatever you find here, it’s coming from a respected university or educational institute, and if it’s not on offer now, sign up to get an alert when it is!
14. Carnegie Mellon Open Learning Initiative
📷
The OIL at Carnegie Mellon isn’t specifically made for language courses, but there are several excellent ones on offer. From elementary Spanish and French to “Arabic for Global Exchange,” you’ll find frequent courses available in the world’s biggest and most commonly learned languages.
15. Alison
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Each of the eight languages offered on Alison’s language learning platform include at least an introductory course, and others include more advanced and detailed courses in popular languages like French. Best of all, if you complete all modules and score at least 80% on all your course assignments, you’ll be rewarded with a fancy (and free) certificate!
16. The Mega List of MOOC from Web Techno and Translation
📷
The blog Web Techno and Translation smartly and helpfully recommends taking an MOOC given in the foreign language you’re studying, and gives you a decent list to get started on doing so. Once you’ve broken through the intermediate level and are ready to start doing more with your language skills, why not try taking a course conducted in that language? Whether you want to study Croatian history in Croatian or systems administration in Spanish, the goal is the same: by focusing on learning about a topic instead of the language itself, you’ll learn more naturally.
Free Websites for Connecting with Native Speakers of Your Language
The biggest secret to effective language learning isn’t really a secret at all: You’ve gotta talk! And who better to talk with than a native speaker?
It’s okay if you can’t hop on a plane this weekend—instead, just click over to one of these websites, where you can connect with native speakers of your target language for free.
17. talkie
📷
The site italki is one of the biggest names out there for practicing your language skills online with native speakers. Designed for language learners to find native speaking teachers and exchange partners via Skype, the free version of their service includes some great benefits, including access to their learner community. This access allows you to connect with other learners and arrange informal language exchanges via Skype or email. If you're looking to invest a little more to have a private tutor or teacher at some point, you can do that on talkie too.
18. The Polyglot Club
📷
The Polyglot Club is an awesome all-purpose language learning website with tons of free features for connecting you with native speakers of your target language. You can find language exchange partners, submit written texts for correction, hang out in chat rooms, browse through target language videos and even attend their language events and meetups for connecting with even more learners!
19. Hi Native
📷
Hi Native is an innovative app that takes a nontraditional approach. Rather than giving you flashcards and courses or even facilitating Skype sessions, Hi Native allows you to ask questions to native speakers of the language you’re learning. Whether it’s about the difference between two confusing words, getting a pronunciation check or figuring out how and when to use the subjunctive, just send a text and wait for a response.
20. Word2Word
Word2Word is all about connecting the world, and they aim to do so by providing you with an insane amount of free online language learning resources. Not only are there chat rooms and meetups, but the site hosts resources on everything from typing characters in other alphabets and scripts to a Dictionary of Period Russian Names. If you’re looking for language exchange and don’t mind falling down the rabbit hole of linguistic Gerry, this is definitely the place to get started.
21. Lang-8
For many of us, speaking comes easily, but when it comes time to put pen to paper and communicate in writing, all of a sudden we feel like we don’t speak a word of the language. Lang-8 is a community of native speakers of various world languages who work together to improve each other’s writing in languages they’re learning by offering revisions and tips on the posts made in their languages—just don’t forget to pay it forward by helping others out with your native language too!
Free Vocabulary Games and Flashcards
There are boring flashcards, and then there are the kind that turn language learning into a game and wake up the competitor in all of us. To build your vocabulary while having some fun, these sites offer some fantastic flashcard exercises and other language learning games.
22. Duo lingo
How could we even make a list without mentioning everyone’s favorite pushy little green bird? Duo lingo user-friendly vocabulary games made language learning cool again by unlocking the power of gaming for language learning.
They use the gaming strategy to make sure you retain more of what you learn than you would from your standard, flipping-through-printed-flashcards approach. The truly dedicated will be rewarded by being asked to translate sentences of increasingly comical ridiculousness as they work up through the levels of their language.
23. Mesmerism
Mesmerism gives you a more hands-on option for flashcard learning with its “memes.” You can use the cards provided by Mesmerism and other users, or you can create your own mnemonic devices by composing and finding images for your own cards. Somehow, repetition doesn’t seem so repetitive when you can turn all your flashcards into irreverent memes and personal in-jokes tailored to you and your own brain.
24. Digital Dialects
For beginners and those suffering from 90s nostalgia, Digital Dialects is a techno-retro online game site with animated and interactive lessons in a couple dozen languages. Listen to the voice as it names fruits, then click them and drag them into a basket, or match English phrases to the ones being spoken in your target language. It’s a simple platform free of distraction, and it offers that j NE said quo for the Nintendo kids who still have a knack for learning in 16-bit.
General Language and Language Learning Resources
For those of us with a deep and passionate love for language and languages, we want to know everything about them. Not just how to get from the airport to your hotel or how to make small talk during your coffee break, but the details.
Who speaks the language we’re learning, and where do they speak it? What’s its history, and what can it teach us about the cultures that created it and that are created by it? These websites include the kind of encyclopedic information necessary for thorough, holistic learning, as well as free courses and learning resources.
25. Omnipotent
If you’re learning one language or find yourself in a poly amorous love affair with all languages, Omnipotent should live on your browser’s bookmarks bar. This online encyclopedia of writing systems and languages is like the Wikipedia of all things languages and linguistics.
Not only does it provide linguistic and cultural information on hundreds of world languages, but it also offers some of its own free video lessons. Under its “courses” page, Omnipotent maintains an impressive list of links to learning resources for specific languages, most of which are free.
26. BBC Languages
Another goldmine for the language and linguistics geeks in the room, BBC Languages offers free information and learner resources for 40 world languages. While some are more thorough than others, the seven languages listed on their main Languages homepage include extensive links to target language media (like TV streaming services, online newspapers and magazines in French, Chinese and Greek). The kinds of resources offered vary from language to language, but most include overviews and phrasebooks, as well as BBC’s own introductory lessons, on-site courses and links to help you find classes in your area.
27. Thought Co.
Thought Co. provides a long list of language learning resources like many others on this list, but also has its own sites dedicated to several of the languages on its list. About French, for example, includes educational videos, blog posts on French learning topics and guides to language essentials. About German offers much of the same. Explore multiple languages and find links to extensive resources across the Web.
28. Wiki travel Phrasebooks
You don’t have to be planning a vacation to take advantage of Wiki travel! The user-maintained wiki has a compilation of travel phrasebooks, ranging from well-known world languages like Arabic and Portuguese to less popular choices like Kannada and Parliament.
Even some of the most skeleton-like articles on languages like Zulu include guides to pronunciation, basic phrases, numbers, time, transportation, eating, shopping and common problem-solving vocabulary, making it an incredible resource for practically-inclined learners who just want to get out and use their language.
Free Language Learning Websites for Specific Languages
Some of the best free sites out there are the ones that focus on a single language, building an entire website packed with information, lessons and more for learners who know what language they want and know they don’t want to break the bank learning it. Here are some of our favorite websites for learning that one language.
French
29. The French Experiment — Free French lessons, stories, reviews and cats!
30. London Speaks French — Vocabulary and grammar lessons with a helpful pronunciation tool to compare your voice to natives’ voices.
For dedicated Francophile looking to max out their online learning time, browse through some of these best websites to learn French.
German
31. Deutschmark.com — With 10 beginner lessons and 24 advanced grammar lessons, this free resource is a great starting point for beginning learners and those intimidated by the infamously frustrating German grammar.
32. Deutschmark — This greeter Online-Deutschmarks has helpful audio clips and interactive lessons, as well as links to in-person courses in Berlin and other parts of Central Europe.
33. Deutschmark Welles — The German international broadcast’s online Deutschmark offers free courses by level, from beginner to advanced.
For video-loving learners, don’t forget about all the great YouTube videos for German learners out there!
Spanish
34. Study Spanish.com — Don’t be fooled by the simple name. With exhaustive information and lessons on all aspects of the language, it’s a Spanish linguistic powerhouse and a goldmine for learners.
35. Spanish Games — Learn Spanish with fun, interactive vocabulary games.
36. 123 Teach Me — A mega-resource for all things Spanish, including free online games, courses, word of the day and a handy verb conjugation.
If you like thinking outside the box when it comes to language learning, you can also try out some nontraditional websites for learning Spanish.
Chinese
37. CCTV — Chinese public television, as well as a BBC-like array of written media and resources for Chinese language learners.
38. Chinese-Tools.com — A 40-lesson online course with a learner forum and Chinese dictionary.
39. Zhengzhou Red — In-context vocabulary and culture lessons in a conversation-like format.
More of a bookworm? Try getting started with some free and cheap Chinese e-books!
Japanese
40. Japanese Online — A simple beginner’s resource with four units on the basics, topic modifiers, sentence structures and Japanese traditions.
41. Easy Japanese — Flashcards and games geared toward writing and speaking the language.
42. NH World — This Japanese public broadcaster maintains its own online magazine, including language lessons, audio clips and video resources for learners.
Is it grammar that’s got you down? Check out these websites for mastering your Japanese grammar.
Arabic
43. Arabic Online — This website from the European Union aims to help beginners familiarize themselves with the Arabic language, and offers several paid courses beyond the beginner level.
44. Arabic Keyboard — Aside from helping you with tricky Arabic script and the grammar that goes along with it, this site includes super helpful, practical information about the Arabic language, its dialects and where and how to use them.
45. Arabic Reading Course — For absolute beginners, this letter-by-letter course is the perfect jump-start to get you reading and writing in Arabic.
Portuguese
46. Learn Portuguese with Rafa — Beyond introductory lessons on things like counting and ordering food, Rafa maintains a sidebar full of links on everything from traditional recipes to doing business in Portuguese.
47. Tod Munro Pod — An exciting So Paulo-based podcast with basic tips in English and the rest in beautiful Brazilian Portuguese.
48. Practice Portuguese — For those looking to learn Iberian (European) Portuguese, get started with the free Practice Portuguese Podcast.
49. Really Learn Portuguese — Podcasts and flashcards for beginner, intermediate and advanced learners, all brought to you by two friendly Brazilians.
These 49 websites prove it: Money is no object for determined language learners.
The first step is just clicking one of the links above.
Haven’t started learning any one language yet? Choose your language and head over to Omnipotent or BBC Languages to read up on it. Build up your basic vocab with a flashcard app or your favorite language game, immerse your brain in quality video content and connect with natives around the world via Skype or your social network of choice.
With money concerns firmly out of the picture, now all you need to do is make the time for language learning, and you’re all set to start heading towards fluency!
submitted by saradinto to language_exchange [link] [comments]

conjugation german exercises video

GERMAN LESSON 19: EASY Conjugation of German REGULAR VERBS ... working with present tense conjugations in German - www.germanforspalding.org Future Tense - 3 Minuten Deutsch #24 - Deutsch lernen ... Learn German German Grammar Modalverben Modal verbs ... LESSON 16: Learn the German POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS: Mein ... The 10 Most Important German Verbs - Part 1 - YouTube German Lesson (314) - The Verb German Separable Verbs - How do They Work? - YouTube The Present Perfect Tense: German Strong Verbs - YouTube Learn German for beginners A1 - Verb conjugation (Part 3 ...

This is a list of the most common German verbs. Click on one of the links below or use the search box to see the german verb conjugation in different tenses and personal forms. Exercises: If you would like to practice these verbs, please use our verb drills. German simple past. Online exercise to practice the conjugation of frequently used German verbs in the simple past tense. There are two kinds of German verbs: regular and irregular. Regular verbs follow a basic conjugation pattern while conjugation of irregular verbs involves changing the stem of the verb before following a different pattern. German verbs & conjugation. German exercises about verb conjugation, concentrating on important and irregular verb forms. Many German verbs follow a certain kind of pattern that speakers can predict and once you learn those patterns then you can figure out how to conjugate them. Conjugation exercise Multiple choice exercises In order to train you on verb conjugation, I propose you some exercises based on the principle of multiple choice questions (MCQ). Each exercise contains ten questions chosen to best illustrate one or the other conjugation rule. Wishing you a good time... The verb. Exercises: Choose the right form of the verb 1. Stefan geht zur Schule. (gehen = to go) gehen gehst 2. Du schreibt einen Brief. (schreiben = to write) schreiben schreibst 3. Ich malen gern. (malen = to draw) male malst 4. Ihr hören Musik. (hören = to listen) hört hörst 5. Wir singen ein If you are a German language learner and wish to communicate more fluently, the most important thing to do is learn German verbs and their conjugations. The easiest way to start learning is to begin with the present tense. In any language, verb is an essential part of a sentence. All the German verbs are […] Learn german language online with randomly generated, conversational grammar exercises. Practice regularly 10 minutes a day and you will soon master the rules. wissen: conjugation exercise - German Irregular Verbs. Zertifikat Deutsch and Deutsch-Test für Zuwanderer (A1, A2, B1). Basic German Vocabulary. regular conjugation in German. This type of verbs is usually called "schwache Verben" . The first group ending on -en is the majority, more than 90% of german verbs have to be conjugated this way. Notice: 1st and 3rd person plural are equal and 3rd singular and 2nd plural are equal. to top. irregular conjugation in German German conjugation: the best way to learn how to conjugate a German verb. Write the infinitive or a conjugated form and the German Conjugator will provide you a list of all the verb tenses and persons: future, participle, present, preterite, auxiliary verb.

conjugation german exercises top

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GERMAN LESSON 19: EASY Conjugation of German REGULAR VERBS ...

A brief exercise reviewing present tense conjugations of verbs in German. Get your free German Training (with real-life dialogues!) and learn about my 3Plus1 German Academy here: 👉 https://learngermanwithanja.com 👈FOLGE MIR: - FA... In this video I explain how to form the German future tense with and without the verb "werden". If you want to see the conjugation of this verb, it can be fo... About the series producer: https://doktorfrag.wordpress.com High definition video of class lecture slides introducing the present perfect tense using German ... #LearnGermanOriginal #LearnGerman #GermanLevelA1Check out the revised version: https://youtu.be/15hmmpt15agIn Lesson 15 you will learn how to conjugate irreg... Learn more German with me! www.fluentlanguage.co.uk/for-german-learnersCheck out my language learning blog at www.fluentlanguage.co.uk/blog and follow Fluent... Get your free German Training (with real-life dialogues!) and learn about my 3Plus1 German Academy here: 👉 https://learngermanwithanja.com 👈FOLGE MIR: - FA... Get your free German Training (with real-life dialogues!) and learn about my 3Plus1 German Academy here: 👉 https://learngermanwithanja.com 👈FOLGE MIR: - FA... Check out my app with 500+ worksheets, podcasts and interactive exercises or book a Skype lesson: http://www.germanwithjenny.comSupport my work: https://www.... #LearnGermanOriginal #LearnGerman #GermanGrammarLearn German lessons online for beginners course - We help you learn german in a quick and easy way. Learn Ge...

conjugation german exercises

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